In the 1950s, the American pharmacologist Earl Sutherland (1915-1974) discovered that epinephrine does not act directly on cells, but stimulates production of cyclic AMP, a second messenger that regulates cell activity.Įpinephrine is produced continuously in small amounts by the adrenal glands, but when the body is threatened in times of excitement, danger, or emotional stress, the brain sends messages to the adrenal glands, which respond by increasing epinephrine production. Hormones are substances produced by body cells that circulate in body fluid and influence the activity of cells in another part of the body. The adrenal glands are one of the body's endocrine glands (glands producing substances that are distributed by way of the bloodstream).Įpinephrine was the first hormone to be discovered. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone secreted by the medulla (inner part) of the adrenal glands, located on the kidneys.
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